The magnetic properties of engineering materials are due to the spinning of electrons in them. Also, the orbit of electrons around the nuclei of engineering materials is another reason for the magnetic properties of engineering materials.
When electrons spin in opposite directions, there is no magnetic field because the spinning of electrons causes them to neutralize each other. But when there is an excess of electrons spinning in the same direction, a magnetic field is produced.
This study of the magnetic properties of engineering materials is necessary because it is from it we understand the structure and behavior of matter. Some important properties of engineering materials are:
Absolute permeability: It is the ratio of the flux density in a material to the magnetizing force producing that flux density.
Coercive Force: may be defined as the magnetizing force necessary to neutralize completely the magnetism in an electromagnet when the magnetizing force is zero.
Magnetic hysteresis: is that quality of a magnetic substance as a result of which energy is dissipated in it on reversal of its magnetism.
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